Organic Light-Emitting Diode

Basic working principle:

OLED emits light by driving an organic light-emitting material layer with an electric current, without the need for a backlight module:

1. When an electric current is passed, the organic material spontaneously emits light

2. Each pixel can be emitted and turned off independently

3. Render different colors by adjusting the brightness of the red, green, and blue sub-pixels

Main types:
1. PMOLED (passive matrix OLED): simple structure and low cost; Mainly used in small size devices (e.g. smart bracelets)

2. AMOLED (Active Matrix OLED): Each pixel has independent TFT control; The display effect is better and the response is faster; For smartphones, TVs, etc

3. Flexible OLED: use flexible substrate; Bendable and foldable; It is applied to folding mobile phones, curved displays, etc

Advantages and features: ultra-thin design: no backlight module is required, and the thickness can be less than 1mm

High contrast: Theoretically, the contrast ratio can reach ∞:1 (pure black does not emit light) Wide viewing angle: close to 180 degrees of viewing angle

Fast response: The response time is as short as 0.1ms (1000 times faster than LCD) Low power consumption: No power consumption when black is displayed

Flexible display: It can realize bending, folding and other forms

Applications:
Smartphones (commonly used in high-end models) TV (large-size OLED TV)

Smart Watch/Bracelet VR/AR device (take advantage of its fast response feature)

In-vehicle display foldable devices technical challenges

Lifespan Issues:
Different colors of organic materials age at different rates

Screen burn-in risk: Static images may be displayed for a long time, resulting in residual images

Production cost: The cost of large-size OLEDs is still high

Brightness limitations: Visibility may not be as good as LCD in bright light

OLED technology is still evolving, and its range of applications will expand further as materials science and manufacturing processes advance.